Accounting and Finance Terms Explained

Explore accounting, finance, auditing, taxation, and economics terms explained in clear English. Each entry provides a definition, a detailed explanation, practical uses, and examples where available.

Use the search box below to find a term by its name, definition, application, or related financial concept.

Total terms: 933

Brady bonds

Brady bonds it's Named after James Brady, Brady bonds were issued by the Mexican government as part of its 1990 debt restructuring.

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BRAND IMAGE

BRAND IMAGE is the view held by consumers about a particular brand of good or service. The stronger the brand image the more inelastic the demand for the product is likely to be.

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BRAND LOYALTY

BRAND LOYALTY is a situation when a consumer is reluctant to switch from consumption of a favored good. The consumer is "loyal" to the brand.

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Break-even analysis

Break-even analysis is an analytical technique used to determine which products should be sold to reach the break-even point in a business.

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Break-even equation

The break-even equation is the equation that determines the break-even point. Let p = unit selling price, v = unit variable cost, FC = total fixed costs, x = unit sales. Equation: px = vx + FC means f...

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break-even point

break-even point is The level of activity where revenues equal total expenses, producing a zero net income; also the point where the contribution margin is said to cover fixed costs

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Break-even Point

Break-even analysis helps in pricing, cost control, and planning by determining the sales volume required to cover fixed and variable costs.

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BREAK-EVEN SALES

Break-even sales are the sales that are supposed to be sold to reach the break-even point, which equals total revenues with total costs

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Bretton Woods

The Bretton Woods Agreement established the IMF and World Bank in 1944 and shaped the post-war international monetary system.

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BRITISH-AMERICAN MODEL

The British-American model is an accounting model. There are other accounting systems that differ from the American accounting model. US GAAP and FASB standards are not the only accounting principles ...

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Broker

The person concerned with searching for buy and sell orders for investors in exchange for a commission service. Brokers specializing in stocks and bonds act as brokerage agents on behalf of the client...

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BROKERAGE

BROKERAGE dependent upon usage, is the business of a broker; charges a fee to arrange a contract between two parties, or, the place where a broker conducts his/her business.

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Budget

Budgets support planning, control, performance evaluation, and decision-making, and they can be flexible or fixed depending on activity levels.

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Business Analyst

A business analyst in the securities/investment industry, someone with experience evaluating financial investments; A business analyst conducts investment research and makes recommendations to institu...

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Business Component

Business component The part of a business that has clearly distinguishable operations; A business sector, unit, subsidiary or group of assets

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Business Entity

A business entity is an organization or legal structure that operates independently for accounting and legal purposes.

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Business Matrix

A business matrix often used in business incubators, is where separate business entities come together to further the development of a startup, for example, one company may offer offices, another help...

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Business Plan

A business plan is a formal document outlining objectives, strategies, financial forecasts, and funding needs of a business over a defined period.

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Business planning

A business plan is a formal document outlining objectives, strategies, financial forecasts, and funding needs of a business over a defined period.

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Business Publication Audit (BPA)

Business Publication Audit (BPA) is similar to the Audit Bureau of Circulation; the BPA is a third-party organization that verifies the circulation of print media through periodic audits.

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Business Segment

A business entity is an organization or legal structure that operates independently for accounting and legal purposes.

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Business Unit

A business entity is an organization or legal structure that operates independently for accounting and legal purposes.

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Business Valuation

A business valuation determines the price a hypothetical buyer would pay for a business under a given set of circumstances.

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Buy and Hold

The investment strategy is to explore buying and holding brands as a long-term investment to maximize returns and achieve positive results at a cheap price. Long time investment

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By-product

A secondary product of relatively low value derived from a main production process.

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C&C

can mean: Cash and Carry or Collection & Classification.

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C&F (COST & FREIGHT)

includes all shipping costs but insurance. Generally used in statement of terms, stating cost and freight are paid by the exporter from his warehouse to a port in the importer's country. In this case,...

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C.A.

is sometimes used to identify the Chief Accountant

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Cafeteria Plan

A cafeteria plan is an employee benefit plan that allows staff to choose from a variety of pre-tax benefits. You can contribute a portion of your gross income before any taxes are calculated and deduc...

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CALL

Callable bonds give the issuer the right to redeem the bond before maturity at a predetermined price, usually when interest rates decline.

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CALL PREMIUM

Callable bonds give the issuer the right to redeem the bond before maturity at a predetermined price, usually when interest rates decline.

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call price

Callable bonds give the issuer the right to redeem the bond before maturity at a predetermined price, usually when interest rates decline.

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callable bond

Callable bonds give the issuer the right to redeem the bond before maturity at a predetermined price, usually when interest rates decline.

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CANDY DEAL

is a slang term that refers to an illegal business practice to inflate revenue/sales numbers by selling product to distributors with a pledge to buy them back later, in addition to providing a percent...

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CAPEX

Capital expenditure (CAPEX) represents funds used to acquire or improve long-term assets that generate future economic benefits.

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capital

In accounting reference to stockholders' equity, Parteners' equity, owners' equity, the money a company has to invest in building, machinery , etc. also known as paid-in capital or equity capital. Als...

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Capital Adequacy

A measure of the financial strength of a bank or securities firm, usually expressed as a ratio of its capital to its assets. For banks, there is now a worldwide capital adequacy standard, drawn up by ...

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Capital Charge

is a monetary amount, calculated by multiplying the money the business has tied up in capital, by the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Capital charge is deducted from net operating profit afte...

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